Pediatric Cardiology concerning all aspects of heart disease in infants, children and adolescents, including embryology, anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, biochemistry, pathology, genetics, radiology, investigative cardiology, clinical aspects, electrophysiology and echocardiography, and cardiac surgery. Many of the pediatric heart defects such as patent ductus arteriosus interruption, pericardial window, vascular ring division, diaphragm placation, thoracic duct ligation, ligation of collateral vessels have been repaired using pediatric interventional cardiology.